Gushyira hamwe kwa opozisiyo nyakuri birashoboka. Mu buhe buryo ?

Gushyira hamwe kwa opozisiyo ntibigomba kubamo agahato kandi kubyubaka ntibikwiye gufatwa nk’umwihariko wa bamwe. Nta muntu kamara mu kubungabunga ineza y’abenegihugu ndetse nta tsinda ry’abantu bayiharanira bonyine ngo babigereho. Mu yandi magambo, nta muntu n’umwe ufite urufunguzo yihariye rwo kubonera ibisubizo ibibazo byo mu rwego rwa politiki byugarije umuryango nyarwanda.

Ni ngombwa nanone kuzirikana ko gushyira hamwe kwa opozisiyo kwa nyako atari kwa kundi kw’amatsinda yiyubakira ku muntu umwe wiyita « umulideri » rubanda ikamukurikira nk’intama zikurikiye umushumba. Si kwa kundi kandi kw’amashyaka n’impuzamashyaka yishingikiriza ku gatsiko runaka gafatwa nk’icyitegererezo cyangwa urumuri kuri bose maze abakayobotse bakagakurikira kuri kibi na cyiza bibwira ko ari ko gakiza kabo, abatabyemeye bagashyirwa ku ruhande. Ahubwo, gushyira hamwe kwa opozisiyo kwa nyako ni ugufatanya urugendo ku bushake ruganisha abishyize hamwe ku nyungu basangiye. Ni kwa kundi gushingira ku ihame ry’uburiganire, aho buri wese akomeza kugira ijambo nk’iry’abandi mu kugena iyo nzira rusange, igihe gikwiye n’uburyo bwo kuyigendamo. Ni urugendo abarurimo bakurikira urumuri ruzanwa n’uko gushyira hamwe kwabo, bivuze ko igihe baba batagishyize hamwe na rwo rwaba rutagihari.

Muri bene urwo rugendo, « abalideri » bo muri opozisiyo ntibifata nk’abayobora abantu bagenzi babo. Baba basobanukiwe ko inshingano yabo ahubwo ari ukuyobora ibikorwa. Baba nanone biyumvisha neza ko itsinda bafitemo iyo nshingano rishobora kugereranywa n’umubiri w’ikinyabuzima runaka, bo bakaba urugingo rumwe muri nyinshi zikigize, kandi ko urwo rugingo rushobora kugira icyo rugeraho gusa ari uko umubiri wose ukifitemo ubuzima. Kuzirikana ibyo bituma birinda kuba abibone kandi bagahoza umutima wabo ku kubungabunga ubumwe bw’itsinda bayoborera ibikorwa.

Kugirango habeho kwishyira hamwe kwa opozisiyo hakenerwa ibintu nibura bibiri by’ingenzi :

(I) Urubuga rworohereza abashaka kwishyira hamwe kubikora.

Ni urubuga rushyirwaho kandi rukabungabungwa n’ubutegetsi bwa kidemokarasi. Mu bihugu nk’u Rwanda rwa none bitarangwamo demokarasi ndetse byamunzwe n’ivangura, guharanira ko urwo rubuga rubaho ni inshingano y’abo muri rubanda bose bari mu mimerere ibemerera kuyisohoza. Koko rero, ntawakwitega ko ubutegetsi bwa nyamuke (minority rule) bushobora kubaho butabiba amacakubiri. By’umwihariko, ubutegetsi nk’uburiho ubu mu Rwanda bwiyubatse mu buryo bwa apariteyidi (apartheid) nta bumwe ubwo ari bwo bwose bushobora kubaka, bwaba ubw’abanyarwanda muri rusange cyangwa ubw’ababugize ubwabo.

Ku bw’ibyo, umusingi uha rugari uburenganzira bwa buri wese bwo kwifatanya n’abandi ugomba kuba ushyigikiwe n’ubundi butegetsi butari uburiho ubu mu Rwanda. Ni ubutegetsi bwaba buhabwa igitsure n’amahanga yihagazeho afite bushobozi n’ubushake bwo kubungabunga umutekano w’abanyarwanda bashaka kwishyira hamwe (hakubiyemo n’abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi buriho ubu) n’ubwo kubahiriza uburenganzira bwa muntu, burimo ku ikubitiro bune bukurikira :

− uburenganzira bwa buri wese bwo kuvuga icyo atekereza (freedom of expression),
− uburenganzira bwo kwishyira hamwe (freedom of association),
− uburenganzira bwo guteranira hamwe mu mahoro (freedom of peaceful assembly),
− Uburenganzira bwa buri wese bwo kugira uruhare mu mitegekere y’igihugu cye (everyone’s right to take part in the government of his country), mu buryo we ubwe cyangwa abinyujije ku bo yitoreye mu bwisanzure busesuye ngo bamuhagararire.

Abanyarwanda bari mu mimerere ibibemerera ni bo bagomba gufata iyambere mu kwiyubaka mu buryo bwa kidemokarasi nk’itsinda ryiteguye gushyiraho ubutegetsi bwa kidemokarasi mu Rwanda no mu gukora dipolomasi igamije gushakira igitsure ku mahanga yihagazeho afite ubushobozi n’ubushake bwo kubushyigikira mu gushyiraho urwo rufatiro ruzashingirwaho ubumwe bw’abanyarwanda bose nta vangura.

(II) Kwemeranya ku rutonde rw’ibibazo byugarije itsinda abashaka kwishyira hamwe bibumbiyemo. Umwanzuro ku rugero ibyo bibazo bigezamo bisumbanya uburemere, ku cyo bisaba ngo bikemurwe no ku isano iri hagati yabyo ni ngombwa. Urugero, n’ubwo ibibazo byugarije umuryango nyarwanda ari byinshi, umuntu yavuga ko igihatse byose ari icy’imitegekere ishyiriraho bamwe mu benegihugu inzitizi zo mu buryo bw’ubuvuke (barrières originelles) zituma batibona mu bashobora kugera ku butegetsi na bo. Igisubizo ni ikihe ? Ni ukubaka igihugu kiyobowe mu buryo bufungurira bose urubuga rwa politiki. Byakorwa bite ? Uburyo buboneye bwo kubyubaka ni ugushyiraho imitegekere yo mu buryo bwa leta gahuzamiryango (État multiculturel), ni ukuvuga imiyoborere iha ubwigene buri bwoko, buri karere na buri cyiciro cy’imibereho y’abaturarwanda (Consociation).

Birumvikana ko kugirango ibyo bintu bibiri bikenewe biboneke bisaba imihati ya buri wese mu bagize opozisiyo nyakuri. Ikidashidikanywaho ni uko ubumwe bw’abanyarwanda butazazanwa na politiki ishaje ishingiye ku gutsindagiriza ibyo basanzwe bahuriyeho nko kuba bavuga ururimi rumwe rw’ikinyarwanda n’ibindi. Ahubwo, ubumwe nyakuri bw’abenegihugu b’u Rwanda buzashingira ku bushake bwabo bwo kubaka imibanire myiza y’ibyo badahuriyeho (accommodating differences) nko kuba bamwe ari ba nyamuke abandi ari ba nyamwishi n’ibindi.

Ni koko, usibye uwaba afite inyungu ze bwite zituma yirengagiza ukuri, nta muntu ushishoza wari ukwiye kuba atabona ko imyumvire y’ubutegetsi buriho ubu mu Rwanda [ishingiye ku gitekerezo cy’uko ubumwe bw’abenegihugu ari nk’umurunga w’inyabutatu uhisha ubudasa (identité) bwa buri mugozi mu yiwugize] itabereye umuryango nyarwanda. Ubutegetsi bwo mu gihe kizaza bukwiye kuba bushingiye ku kuzirikana ko ubumwe bw’abenegihugu bwanagereranywa n’amashyiga atatu akorera hamwe mu gusohoza ishingano zayo bitabujije ko buri ryose muri yo rihagarara mu mwanya ryigengaho. Uko abantu barushaho gusobanukirwa uko kuri ni ko kubaka ibikenewe (ngo ugukorera hamwe kwa opozisiyo nyakuri kujye mbere) na byo birushaho koroha.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  

Wisigasira igitugu cy’inkotanyi kandi wishyigikira ko gisimbuzwa ikindi gitugu!

Umurimo wo gushyira ahagaragara ibyaha ndengakamere byakorewe abanyarwanda mu bihe byashize n’ibibakorerwa ubu, uwo kubyamagana n’uwo gushakira ubutabera abo byibasiye ni ingenzi mu kubaka u Rwanda rushya rugendera ku mategeko akwiye kandi rwubahiriza uburenganzira bwa bose. Cyakora, bigaragara ko uwo murimo ubwawo utihagije kubera ko ubutegetsi bwakabaye ari bwo bwiyambazwa ngo butabare abibasiwe kandi buhe ubutabera ababusaba ni bwo ubwabwo bwakoze kandi bugikora ibyo byaha. Hakenewe ihinduramitegekere.

Guhirimbanira iyubahirizwa ry’uburenganzira bwa kiremwamuntu mu gihugu kiyobowe mu buryo bw’igitugu utabijyanishije no guharanira amahinduka meza yo mu rwego rwa politiki ni nko kubiba mu murima utarateguriwe kwakira imbuto. Nanone, byagereranywa no gukora ikizamini maze, aho gusigira mwalimu urupapuro wasubirijeho ngo arushyireho amanota, ahubwo ukarucyura imuhira wizeye kuzabona izina ryawe kuri lisiti y’abatsinze icyo kizamini. Ku rundi ruhande, gukora politiki idaha umwanya ibyo kuganira ku bibazo byose bijyanye n’ihohoterwa ry’uburenganzira bwa kiremwamuntu ryakozwe cyangwa rikorwa n’ubutegetsi uharanira gusimbura ni nko kwitabira ikizamini maze ugasigira mwalimu urupapuro utagize ikintu na kimwe wandikaho, witeze ko arushyiraho amanota yatuma izina ryawe rizagaragara ku rutonde rw’abatsinze icyo kizamini.

Guharanira iyubahirizwa ry’uburenganzira bwa kiremwamuntu mu gihugu nk’u Rwanda rwa none utari umwe mu bagize opozisiyo ndetse utari mu bayishyigikira ni ibintu bibereye abikundira ubutegetsi buriho babikorera kubuhwitura no kubutungira agatoki ahakwiye impinduka, bagendeye ku kuba bazi ko gukora ibiri mu nyungu za rubanda bibusigasira bikabukomeza. Bibereye nanone ababikorera kubivanamo indonke baba batinya ko batakaza icyo barishaga igihe igihugu cyaba kibonye ubutegetsi bushya buteza imbere demokarasi n’imiyoborere myiza. Ku rundi ruhande, kugira uruhare muri opozisiyo idashaka ko ihohoterwa ryakorewe abanyarwanda n’iribakorerwa ubu rivugwaho (ndetse idashaka ko uburyo bwo kurihagarika no guha ubutabera abo ryibasiye buganirwaho) ni ibintu bibereye gusa abanyapolitiki baharanira gusimbuza igitugu ikindi. Bene abo, kubera ko ubutegetsi baba bifuza gushyiraho ari ubutazahaumwanya ukwiye umuco wo kujora ubutegetsi n’uwo kwamagana amabi yabwo, bagendera kure inzira y’ibiganiro bitagira ingingo bihigika. Ubu buryo bwombi bw’imikorere y’abatari bake mu bavuga ko bifuza impinduka nziza mu Rwanda buhabanye n’inyungu rusange. Ntacyo bwungura imbaga y’abanyarwanda basonzeye demokarasi, ubutabera n’iyubahirizwa ry’uburenganzira bwa muntu. Ibiri amambu, bufasha ubutegetsi bw’ishyaka fpr inkotanyi kubuza opozisiyo nyakuri kujya mbere.

Koko rero, opozisiyo izabonera ibisubizo ibibazo byo mu rwego rwa politiki byugarije umuryango nyarwanda muri iki gihe ni iyiyubaka nk’iyitegura gusimbura mu nshigano zose ubutegetsi buriho, hakubiyemo n’izijyanye no gutanga ubutabera no kubahiriza uburenganzira bwa muntu. Ni opozisiyo ishyiraho cyangwa ishyigikira urubuga abantu bashobora kuganiriramo mu bwisanzure busesuye ku ngingo iyo ari yo yose ifite aho ihuriye n’ineza y’abanyarwanda bose nta vangura. Ku rundi ruhande, uguhirimbanira iyubahirizwa ry’uburengazira bwa muntu gukenewe cyane muri iki gihe ni ukudahagararira ku byo kwamagana amabi y’ubutegetsi buriho, ahubwo kukagira n’uruhare rutaziguye mu guharanira amahinduka meza yo mu rwego rwa politiki.

Mu yandi magambo, opozisiyo itanga icyizere kuri bose ni iharanira inyungu rusange z’abanyarwanda bose nta vangura kandi ishyira imbere ibijyanye n’iyubahiriza ry’uburenzagira bwa muntu. Ku rundi ruhande, guharanira ko u Rwanda ruba igihugu kigendera ku mategeko bya nyabyo cyubahiriza uburenganzira bwa bose nta vangura ni ibikozwe hazirikanwa ko uburenganzira bwa muntu bwubahirizwa ku rugero rukwiye iyo igihugu gifite imiyoborere myiza. Uko kudasigasira igitugu cy’inkotanyi no kudashyigikira ko gisimbuzwa ikindi gitugu ni yo fondasiyo y’ihinduramitegekere ryifuzwa na benshi, riha uburenganzira bwa muntu umwanya ukwiye.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------