Ubushishozi ni bwo butwari. Ibindi ni amahirwe!

Kuva ishyaka fpr inkotanyi ryagera ku butegetsi, benshi mu bazi amabi yaryo bakomeje guhanga amaso abaryamaganira ku mugaragaro bari mu Rwanda uko bagiye basimburana. Buri uko hagize umwe mu bategetsi, umunyamakuru, umuhanzi cyangwa umuturage usanzwe utobora akavuga ibidashimisha amatwi y’ubutegetsi bwaryo na buri uko habaga habayeho utavuga rumwe na bwo witabiriye amatora cyangwa uhihibikanira gushinga ishyaka rishya, byagiye bishitura abatari bacye. Babaga biteze ko uko kuritinyuka gushobora guhagurutsa rubanda bigafungura akadirishya demokarasi ishobora kwinjiriramo.

Ikibabaje ni uko, kugeza ubu, hafi ya bose mu batinyutse guhangara ishyaka fpr inkotanyi bari mu Rwanda ari abagiye babikora mu buryo bwa nyakamwe. Mu yandi magambo, nta n’umwe mu batavuga rumwe na ryo bahisemo inzira y’amahoro washoboye guhagurukana n’abandi ku bwinshi ngo aryamagane ahuje na bo amajwi. Nta n’umwe kandi muri bo washoboye kwisuganyiriza hamwe n’abandi mu itsinda yunguraniramo na bo ibitekerezo ku cyerekezo cya politiki bakwiye guha igihugu cy’u Rwanda. Ababigerageje (baba ababikorana umutima utaryarya cyangwa ababikora babisabwe n’ishyaka fpr inkotanyi ubwaryo ribakinisha iryo kinamico ritindi rigamije gukururira mu rushundura abatarikunda bifuza ubutegetsi butari ubwaryo) bahigwa bukware maze abafashwe bakicwa, bakaburirwa irengero cyangwa bagakoreshwa akarasisi mu mapingu hagamijwe gutera ubwoba abasigaye. Ibyo kwigaragambiriza hamwe n’abandi, haba mu mihanda cyangwa imbere y’inyubako z’ubwo butegetsi n’iz’ishyaka ribuyoboye, bagamije kwerekanira ku mugaragaro urugero bagezamo barwifuzamo amaza ya demokarasi, usibye no kuba ntawashoboye kubishyira mu ngiro, no kubikomozaho mu mvugo byakozwe na mbarwa.

Umwaka wa 2015 wonyine wagombye kuba warasize bigaragariye bose ko abanyarwanda bahebye ijabo n’ijambo. Ubonye koko ngo ishyaka ryangwa na rubanda aka kageni ribe ryarashoboye guhindura itegeko-nshinga kugirango umukandida waryo yemererwe umubare wa manda zirenze izo yemererwaga kugeza icyo gihe maze ntibihagurutse imbaga! Opozisiyo ijya mbere ni iyita kuri ibi bihamya by’ibihe, igahanga inzira idapimiranya kandi ititega ibitariho.

Kwamagana ubutegetsi uri ku butaka bugenzurwa na bwo bisaba gutinyuka ku rugero rugenwa n’ubukare bw’igitugu cyabwo abaturage barwo bahanganye na cyo. Ni ukuvuga ko ubucye bw’abagiye batinyuka kwamagana mu bihe binyuranye ishyaka fpr inkotanyi bari mu Rwanda (ndetse uko bigaragara biganjemo abahagurukirizwa na ryo kuyobya abanyurwa manuma) bikwiye gufatwa nk’ikimenyetso cy’uko igitugu cyaryo gikaze bitagira akagero. Bityo, aho kuba byatinyura rubanda cyangwa ngo bibe byaba imbarutso y’impinduramitegekere yifuzwa na benshi, kwirekura umwe umwe badahagurukanye n’abandi bishyira abatinyuka kuryamaganira ku butaka rigenzura mu kaga ko gutoragurwa umwe ku wundi n’inzego z’umutekano w’ubutegetsi bwaryo; akenshi ibyo bikababaho bamaze gukoreshwa na zo, babizi cyangwa batabizi, mu kugusha abandi b’imitima itaryaraya mu mutego w’abo bicanyi.

Ku rundi ruhande, urugero umuntu agezamo atinyuka ibyo abandi batinye rugenwa n’urugero agezamo abona ibyisobye abandi (akitwa « intwari ») cyangwa rukagenwa n’urugero agezamo adashishoza nk’abandi (akitwa « umwiyahuzi » utabigambiriye). Ni koko, imbimbuzi zidafite amakuru ahagije kimwe n’izishyuhaguzwa zirekura imburagihe zikagwa mu ruzi zirwita ikiziba. Birimo irihe somo? Ubushishozi ni bwo bubashisha impirimbanyi kumenya igihe cyo kugungira, icyo gusatira n’icyo gukizwa n’amaguru. Aho ubushishozi butari, gutinyuka kubyara ubwiyahuzi kandi konona nk’ubwoba ubwabwo. Ni koko, ubushishozi ni bwo butwari. Ibindi ni amahirwe!

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FPR na demokarasi ni nk’umwijima n’urumuri!

Ishyaka FPR inkotanyi rimaze imyaka hafi 30 riri ku butegetsi mu Rwanda. Kimwe mu byo ryari ryasezeranyije abanyarwanda ni ukubageza ku « imiyoborere ya kidemokarasi ». Ryabigezeho? Oya rwose; habe na gato!

Kubera iki? Kutizera kugera ku butegetsi no kubugumaho binyuriye ku matora akozwe mu mucyo no mu bwisanzure kandi ribushaka kuri kibi na cyiza, byariroshye mu nzira y’iterabwoba n’urugomo, rikorera amahano abanyarwanda. Ng’uko uko ryarushijeho kwagura umworera (gap) uritandukanya n’inzira ya kidemokarasi. Ngiyo impamvu rihindishwa umushyitsi n’imvugo ngo « amatora akozwe mu mucyo no mu bw’isanzure», « buri muntu, ijwi » n’izindi nka zo zitsindagiriza ko ubutegetsi butangwa na rubanda binyuriye mu matora.

Uyu munsi, benshi mu banyarwanda bagejeje igihe cyo kugira uruhare mu matora bafite impamvu zumvikana zo kutaritora. None se koko ni bangahe mu banyarwanda baritora batabihatiwe? Ni abagizwe se n’imiryango y’

(1) abanyarwanda ryatanzeho ibitambo kugirango rigere ku butegetsi, none abarokotse muri bo bakaba basigaye barebwa nk’icyo imbwa ihaze hirengagijwe ko ubutegetsi bwaryo bwubakiye ku maraso y’ababo?

(2) abazunguzayi, abapagasi n’abandi banyarwanda babuzwa guhaha bacurwa bufuni na buhoro mu gihe bagerageza gushaka amaramuko, bazizwa kudakurikiza amategeko n’amabwiriza y’imiturire n’ay’imicururize yashyizweho batabigizemo uruhare?

(3) abaganga, abasirikari, abahanzi, abashakashatsi, abanyamakuru n’abanyapolitiki bambuwe ubuzima, bashowe iy’uburoko, baburiwe irengero, batorongejwe cyangwa basiragizwa kuri za sitasiyo za polisi bazira gusa kuba ibitekerezo byabo n’amahitamo yabo binyuranye n’ibyaryo?

(4) abanyarwanda bo mu cyiciro cy’urubyiruko bimwa akazi na za buruse zabafasha gukomeza amashuri, bitewe n’umuco w’ikimenyane, ihakiririzwa n’isumbanyankomoko wimakajwe na ryo, mu gihe bagenzi babo hakubiyemo n’abatabarusha ubuhanga bahinduranya ibigo uko bashatse cyangwa bakingingirwa kwiga muri za kaminuza bahabwa ubufasha bwose bukenewe?

 
(5) abanyarwanda bimwe ubutabera ndetse bakanamburwa uburenganzira bwo gushyingura mu cyubahiro no kwibuka ababo bazize uko bavutse, mu gihe ababahekuye bidegembya nk’abatariho umugayo?

(6) abanyarwanda bafungiwe akamama, abarasirwa ku mapingu n’abo inzego za leta zemera ko ari zo zari zibafite zamaze kubahotora, hakubiyemo n’abazizwa ko baba baranze gushinja abandi ibinyoma?

(7) abahinzi n’aborozi bambuwe imirima yabo, bakaba batanagifite uburenganzira bwo guhinga ibyo bashaka?

(8) abanyarwanda bugarijwe n’ubukene n’inzara bikomoka kuri politiki zaryo zigamije kubatindahaza nkana, bakaba batanemerewe gusuhukira mu bihugu baboneramo amafunguro bakeneye?

(9) abanyarwanda barandurirwa imyaka cyangwa bategekwa kuyirandurira, basenyerwa amazu cyangwa bahatirwa kuyisenyera, bagasigwa iheruheru bicira isazi mu jisho bananyagirwa n’imvura mu gihe inkoramutima zaryo zisusurukiye mu madiva zimiraza ka vino?

(10) abanyarwanda babuzwa amahwemo mu bucuruzi, bahatirwa gutanga imisanzu ishyigikira ibikorwa bitabafitiye inyungu cyangwa bishyuzwa imisoro y’umurengera kugeza ibyabo bitejwe icyamunara?

(11) abasirikari n’abapolisi bahembwa intica ntikize nyamara bakarazwa rubunda nk’abavukiye kwikorera ingaruka mbi z’imiyoborere yaryo?

(12) abarimu bateshejwe agaciro, barerera abandi bo badashobora kwirerera bitewe n’uko umushahara bahembwa ari muto cyane ku buryo kuri bo kurihirira abana mu mashuri yisumbuye n’aya kaminuza ari ingorabahizi?

(13) abanyarwanda bambuwe uburenganzira ku gihugu cyabo bagacirwa ishyanga, hakemererwa gutahuka gusa abububa n’abashizemo umwuka?

(14) abanyarwanda bahatirwa kujya mu mashyirahamwe y’ingeri zinyuranye agamije kunyunyuza abanyamuryango kandi akaba umuyoboro waryo w’icengezamatwara n’ihatirakuyoboka?

(15) abakozi ba leta n’ab’ibigo biyishamikiyeho bakatwa imishahara ngo haboneke amafaranga ashyirwa mu bigega bitagira indiba?

(16) abanyarwanda bahanganye n’ingaruka za politiki zisopanya zigateza urwikekwe hagati y’abashakanye n’ubwigomeke bw’abakiri bato, maze aho kwikosora ngo rishyireho politiki nziza zimakaza amahoro mu miryango ahubwo rikaba riryoherwa no kubaka amabohero y’abana?

Uko bigaragara, abanyarwanda baritora batabihatiwe ni mbarwa; ni bacye cyane ku buryo batashobora no kugwiza amajwi ryaba rikeneye ngo ribe ryagira nibura umudepite umwe mu nteko-nshingamategeko. Ibyo kuba umukandida waryo yatsindira kuba perezida wa repubulika byo ntiryanabirota. Ni uko bimeze haba none cyangwa ejo hazaza.

Ni koko, imibanire ya FPR na demokarasi ni nk’iy’umwijima n’urumuri! Aho kimwe kigeze ikindi kirimuka. Ku ruhande rumwe, FPR ihigira demokarasi kuyirandurana n’imizi yayo. Ku rundi ruhande, umunsi demokarasi yageze mu Rwanda, FPR izagenda nka nyomberi.

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IBITEKEREZO-RUGERO KU BUNYARWANDA BUHA BOSE RUGARI*

Nta gushidikanya ko u Rwanda rwakungukira bidasanzwe mu ishyirwaho ry’ubutegetsi bwo mu buryo bw’uturere twishyize hamwe (entités fédérées)1 bushingiye ku ihame ry’ubwiganze bw’amajwi y’abatoye, bwubahiriza ihame ry’ubwuzuzanye n’iry’uburinganire bw’abenegihugu kandi buha buri bwoko na buri karere ubwigene n’umwanya ukwiye mu mitegekere y’igihugu.

Dore ibitekerezo-shingiro bitanu bishobora kuba urufatiro rwiza kandi rutajegajega muri iryo yubakagihugu gahuzamiryango :

Igitekerezo-shingiro cya mbere

Umushoborabyose ni Imana.

Igitekerezo-shingiro cya 2

(I) Buri muntu, ijwi.

(II) Ntawe uzongera gutotezwa, kuburabuzwa cyangwa kwigizwayo muri politiki azizwa kuba ahuje ubwoko na benshi mu bashobora gutora.

Igitekerezo-shingiro cya 3

(I) Si ngombwa ko abahagararira abandi baba bahuje na bo ubwoko (batuye mu karere kamwe). Icyakora, ni ngombwa ko abahagararira ubwoko (akarere) runaka mu rwego rw'amategeko baba baratowe n'ababugize (n'abagatuyemo).

(II) Isangiragihugu gahuzamiryango :

(A) Umubare w'abahagararira ubwoko runaka mu nteko ishinga amategeko waba ungana nibura n'umubare w'inshuro wakuba n'ijanisha-fatizo runaka ry'abashobora gutora kugirango ugere ku ijanisha ringana n'iryo abagize ubwo bwoko bafite mu bashobora gutora. Ni na ko byaba bimeze ku bagize icyiciro cy'abatora batanyujije amajwi yabo mu bwoko runaka.

(B) Umubare w'abahagararira ikomini muri njyanama y'akarere waba ungana nibura n'umubare w'inshuro wakuba n'ijanisha-fatizo runaka ry'abaturage bako bashobora gutora kugirango ugere ku ijanisha ringana n'iryo abaturage b'iyo komini bafite mu baturage b'ako karere bashobora gutora.

(III) Itoramyanzuro riha rugari amahitamo ya rubanda :

(A) Kubaka umuco w’ishingamategeko rikoresha inzira ya kamarampaka, hakubiyemo na za kamarampaka zisabwe n’abagize rubanda ubwabo (référendum d’initiative populaire), ni uburyo bwafasha mu guca umuco mubi wo guhakirizwa n’uw’ubusumbane bukabije hagati ya rubanda n'abavuga rikijyana mu bihereranye no kugira uruhare mu guha igihugu icyerekezo.

(B) Kuzamura umubare w'abagize inteko nshingamategeko (njyanama), biganisha ku ijanisha-fatizo ryavuzwe haruguru rirushaho kuba rito, ni uburyo butuma haba abandi banyarwanda binjira mu nteko nshingamategeko (muri njyanama), bityo na bo bakagira uruhare mu mikorere yayo.

Igitekerezo-shingiro cya 4

Amasezerano y'ubufatanye (coalition) hagati y'abatorewe guhagararira ubwoko (amakomini) runaka ni uburyo bwakwifashishwa mu kubaka ubumwe no mu kwirinda ko imishinga ya za guverinoma yadindizwa no kubura gishyigikira mu nteko nshingamategeko (njyanama).

Igitekerezo-shingiro cya 5

Mu gihe demokarasi yaba imaze gushinga imizi, u Rwanda rwaba rushobora kureka kwisunga gusa igitsure cy'amahanga yihagazeho arushyigikiye muri iyi politiki gahuzamiryango, rugasubizaho urwego rw'ingabo z'igihugu.


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1Uturere tw’u Rwanda uko ari tune (amajyepfo cyangwa “Nduga ngari”, amajyaruguru cyangwa “Rukiga ngari”, uburasirazuba cyangwa “Buganza ngari” n'umurwa mukuru cyangwa “Kigali ngari”) dufite byinshi duhuriyeho ariko nanone dufite ibyo dutandukaniyeho, hakubiyemo kuba umutungo kamere watwo udateye kimwe kandi ntuboneke hose ku gipimo kimwe. Akarere k’amajyaruguru (Rukiga ngari) kagizwe n’ubutaka bw’u Rwanda rwa none buherereye hejuru y’urubibi rutandukanya Karongi na Rutsiro, umugezi wa Nyabarongo, umugezi wa Nyabugogo, no mu burengerazuba bw’umurongo uhuza Cyamutara na Muti-Nyagahanga (uciye i Rwafandi, mu Rukomo n’i Kagamba), n’imigezi ya Walufu na Kagitumba. Akarere k’umurwa mukuru (Kigali ngari) gahana imbibi n’akarere k’urukiga n’ikiyaga cya Muhazi mu majyaruguru yawo, akarere k’induga mu burengerazuba bwawo, igihugu cy’u Burundi mu majyepfo yawo, n’ikiyaga cya Mugesera mu burasirazuba bwawo. Akarere k’amajyepfo (Nduga ngari) kagizwe n’ubutaka bw’u Rwanda rwa none buherereye hagati y’ibihugu by’u Burundi na Repubulika iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo, akarere k’urukiga n’umugezi w’Akanyaru. Akerere k’uburazirazuba (Buganza ngari) kagizwe n’ubutaka buherereye mu burasirazuba bw’umujyi wa Kigali n’akarere k’amajyaruguru.

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*Inyandiko igizwe ahanini n’ibikubiye mu butumwa bwanyujijwe ku rubuga rwa facebook mu kwezi kwa kamena 2020.

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Ubunyarwanda buha uturere ubwigene*

Imiyoborere yo mu buryo bw’ihuzabutegetsi (fédéralisme) ni uburyo butanga icyizere bwo gushakira igisubizo kiboneye ikibazo cy’amasinde karande yo mu rwego rwa politiki abangamira umwuka w’ubumwe mu bavuga rikijyana mu muryango nyarwanda.

Amatora yo muri nzeli 1961 yari yahaye amashyaka ya opozisiyo y'icyo gihe inshingano n'uburyo byo kubaka demokarasi mu Rwanda. Imicungire mibi y'ikibazo cy'ubwigene bw'uturere yatumye iyo nshingano idasohozwa maze buhoro buhoro igitugu gihigika demokarasi yari ikiri mu myaka yo kwirema.

Imyaka irenga 30 nyuma yaho, amasezerano y'i Arusha yo muri kanama 1993 yari yatanze urufatiro rw'amahinduka meza yashoboraga kuba yarashubije iyimikabutegetsi mu maboko y'abanyarwanda bujuje imyaka yo gutora. Yari yarafashije amashyaka ya opozisiyo ya kidemokarasi kubona imyanya myinshi mu buyobozi bukuru bw'igihugu. Ayo mashyaka yari yaratoranyijwemo uwari kuzaba minisitiri w'intebe. Yari yarahawe kandi gushyiraho ba minisitiri muri minisiteri 11 kuri 21, mu gihe ishyaka ryari ku butegetsi icyo gihe ryo ryari gushyiraho abaminisitiri 5 gusa. Byongeye, yari yarahawe imyanya irenga 50% mu nteko ishinga amategeko ndetse ahabwa igikundiro cyo gushyiraho biro (bureau) y'iyo nteko. Ibintu byari biteye ku buryo uramutse ufashe imyanya yose yari yahawe opozisiyo ya kidemokarasi (ni ukuvuga yari yahawe amashyaka yarwanyaga ubutegetsi bwariho adakoresheje inzira y'intambara) ukayongeraho iyari yahawe ishyaka FPR ryo ryaburwanyirizaga ku ruhembe rw'umuheto, wasanga ubutegetsi bwari bwashyizwe mu buryo budasubirwaho mu maboko ya opozisiyo (ku kigero kiri hejuru ya 70%). Ku bw'amahirwe make y'abakunzi b'amahoro n'abari basonzeye demokarasi, kubera ko imicungire y'ikibazo cy'ubwigene bw'uturere yari yarakomeje kuba mibi ndetse kikaba kitaritaweho ngo gishakirwe igisubizo mu mishyikirano yakurikiwe n’isinywa ry’ayo masezerano, opozisiyo ya kidemokarasi yananiwe kwinjira mu butegetsi mu buryo bwari gushyigikira amaza ya demokarasi mu Rwanda. Mu kudashingira ku ihame ry'ubwigene bw'uturere n’ubw’imiryango migari (communautés ethniques, linguistiques…) ya buri karere kandi batayobewe ko icyo kibazo cyariho, abavugaga rikijyana mu mishyikirano bapfushije ubusa intambwe igana kuri demokarasi isangiwe na bose bari bateye yo gutangiza inzira yo gushaka ibisubizo binyuriye mu nzira y’umwumvikano (compromis).

Amashyaka ya opozisiyo yariho mu ntangiriro y'imyaka ya za 1990 yitwaye kimwe n'ayo mu w'1961 mu bihereranye no kudaha rugari igitekerezo cy'imitegekere yo mu buryo bw'uturere twunze ubumwe (entités federées), bituma igitugu cyongera kuniga demokarasi. Ni koko, uko kudakoresha amahirwe yari yahawe (yo kwinjira mu butegetsi) mu kubaka ubwigene bw'uturere byatumye adasohoza inshingano yo kugeza u Rwanda kuri rubanda rwunze ubumwe, mu buringanire na demokarasi isangiwe na bose. Haba mu w'1961 cyangwa mu w'1993, impande zombi (ni ukuvuga ishyaka ryabaga riri ku butegetsi, ku ruhande rumwe, n'amashyaka yabaga abarirwa muri opozisiyo, ku rundi ruhande) zisobwe no kubona urugero guha ubwigene uturere byari bikenewemo, zinanirwa zityo gushyiraho urufatiro rwajyaga gufasha mu gusigasira mu buryo burambye umurage wa kamarampaka yo mu w'1961. Mu bihe byombi, mu bwikunde bukabije, buri ruhande rwabaga ruharanira kuzatsindira (cyangwa gukomeza) gutegeka u Rwanda rwose uko rwakabaye ruzi neza ko bene iyo mitegekere yo mu buryo bwa mpatsuturere itari kunogera benshi mu batuye uturere twiganjemo abakomeye ku bwigene bw'uturere twabo. "Amashyushyu yo kwegukana byose" (kuri bamwe) n'"ubwoba bwo guhezwa" (ku bandi) byabaye nyirabayazana w'umuco mubi wakomeje kuranga menshi mu mashyaka ya politiki wo kudatahiriza umugozi umwe n'uw'imikoranire yo mu buryo bwa "ncenga ngucenge". By'umwihariko, kudatekereza ingaruka mbi uwo mwuka mubi (wo guteburana wo mu buryo bwa ''vamo njyemo'' kimwe n'uwo mu buryo bwa "simbikozwa") utari kubura kugira ku bumwe bw'abanyarwanda, byatumye impande zombi zitihatira kurenga amasinde zabaga zifitanye.

Haba mu w'1961, haba mu w'1993, u Rwanda rwari rukeneye abanyapolitiki bari kuba

(a) baraharaniraga inyungu zirambye z'abanyarwanda bose bemera kuganira na bagenzi babo bo mu tundi turere hagamijwe kumvikana k'ukuntu bari gushyiraho guverinoma mpuzaturere (état fédéral) yari gushingira ku byo bari kuba bemeranyaho.

(b) baraciye ukubiri n'imyumvire ishaje y'uko u Rwanda rugomba kuyoborwa byanze bikunze n'"umwami" umwe.

(c) baratahuye ko ibibazo byerekeranye n'ubwigene bwa buri bwoko bitari biteye kimwe mu turere twose ku buryo guha ubwigene buri karere byari gushyiraho urufatiro rutuma ibyo bibazo bigenerwa ibisubizo bihuje n'imimerere.

(2) bitewe n'uburyo umuryango nyarwanda uteye, politiki yo mu buryo bwa mpatsuturere (état unitaire), aho gushyigikira demokarasi, iha rugari imitegekere y'igitugu, urugomo no gucabiranya, ikabangamira uburinganire bw'uturere kandi igatuma ubumwe bw'abanyarwanda butagerwaho.

(3) muri iki gihe, na bwo hari abanyarwanda batari bacye ndetse bari mu bavuga rikijyana batarabona ko amaza ya demokarasi isangiwe na bose mu Rwanda n'ubu abangamirwa no kuba amasinde ashingiye ku turere atarabonerwa igisubizo kiboneye.

Birashoboka rwose ko iyo u Rwanda ruza kuba rwari ruyobowe mu buryo bw'uturere twunze ubumwe biba byararurinze kugerwaho n'akaga rumazemo igihe kirekire. Koko rero, ''kubaka ubunyarwanda buha uturere ubwigene'' hagashyirwaho imitegekere yo mu buryo bwa ''ihuzabutegetsi'' (fédéralisme) ni uburyo butanga icyizere bwo gushakira igisubizo kiboneye ikibazo cy'amasinde karande yo mu rwego rwa politiki abangamira umwuka w’ubumwe mu bavuga rikijyana mu muryango nyarwanda.

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*Inyandiko igizwe ahanini n’ibikubiye mu butumwa bwanyujijwe ku rubuga rwa facebook mu kwezi kwa kanama 2019.

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